庆祝国庆节

◆　国庆节的由来 ◆

guoqingjie deyoulai

　
　　“国庆”一词，本指国家喜庆之事，最早见于西晋。西晋的文学家陆机在《五等诸侯论》一文中就曾有“国庆独飨其利，主忧莫与其害”的记载、我国封建时代、国家喜庆的大事，莫大过于帝王的登基、诞辰（清朝称皇帝的生日为万岁节）等。因而我国古代把皇帝即位、诞辰称为“国庆”。今天称国家建立的纪念日为国庆。

　　1949年9月的政协一届一次会议上决定把10月1日定为国庆节。在1949年10月1日宣告中华人民共和国成立，这是中国历史上一个最伟大的转变。1949年十月一日下午3时，北京30万人在天安门广场隆重举行典礼，庆祝中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立。毛泽东主席庄的严宣告中华人民共和国、中央人民政府成立，并亲自升起了第一面五星红旗。毛主席宣读了《中华人民共和国中央人民政府公告》：“中华人民共和国中央人民政府为代表中华人民共和国全国人民唯一合法政府。凡愿遵守平等、互利及互相尊重领土主权等项原则的任何外国政府，本政府均愿与之建立外交关系。”随即举行阅兵式和群众游行。朱德总司令检阅了海陆空军，并宣布《中国人民解放军总部命令》，命令中国人民解放军迅速肃清国民党一切残余武装，解放一切尚未解放的国土。同日，北京新华广播电台在天安门广场进行中华人民共和国开国大典实况广播。这是中国人民广播史上第一次大规模的实况广播，全国各地人民广播电台同时广播。

美国 国庆节的来历
meiguo guoqingjie

美国国庆节的正规叫法是“ 独立纪念日”,它是美国的主要法定节日之一,日期为每年7月4日,以纪念1776年7月4日大陆会议在费城正式通过《独立宣言》。它标志着英国在北美的殖民地和英国正式分家,走向独立建国的道路

美国国庆节布什发表广播讲话
Amercian President's Radio Address for 2005 Independence Day

THE PRESIDENT: Good morning. Laura and I wish all Americans a happy Fourth of July weekend. I look forward to celebrating Independence Day with the people of Morgantown, West Virginia.

On the Fourth of July, we remember the vision and conviction of America's Founders. We remember the ideals of liberty that led men from 13 colonies to gather in Philadelphia and pen a declaration of self-evident truths. And we remember the extraordinary personal courage that made their efforts a success. Doctor Benjamin Rush said that signing the Declaration of Independence was "like signing your own death warrant." He signed it anyway -- right above his fellow Pennsylvania delegate, Benjamin Franklin.

On Independence Day, we are also mindful that the promises of the Declaration have been secured by the service and sacrifice of every generation. America's first defenders were mostly farmers, artisans, and shopkeepers who waged a desperate fight for independence. Our Union was preserved through the costly battles of the Civil War -- including one at Vicksburg that ended on Independence Day, 1863. And we live in freedom because Americans prevailed in the hard-fought struggles of the 20th century, from the Marne and Normandy to Iwo Jima and Inchon Bay. America is home to 25 million military veterans -- and we will always be grateful for their unselfish courage.

Today, a new generation of Americans is defending our freedom against determined enemies. At posts in Afghanistan, Iraq, and around the world, our men and women in uniform are taking the fight to the terrorists overseas, so that we do not have to face the terrorists here at home. And by freeing millions from oppression, our Armed Forces are redeeming a universal principle of the Declaration that all are created equal, and all are meant to be free. Those who serve today are taking their rightful place among the greatest generations that have worn our nation's uniform.

The burden of war falls especially hard on military families, and I thank them for the support they give our troops in their vital work. Some of America's finest men and women have given their lives in the war on terror, and we remember them on Independence Day. We pray for the families who have lost a loved one in freedom's cause. And we know that the best way to honor the lives that have been given in this struggle is to complete the mission, so we will stay in the fight until the fight is won.

In this time of testing, all our troops and their families can know that the American people are behind them. On this Fourth of July weekend, I ask every American to find a way to thank men and women defending our freedom -- by flying the flag, sending letters to our troops in the field, and helping the military family down the street. The Department of Defense has set up a website - AmericaSupportsYou.mil. You can go there to learn about private efforts in your own community. At this time when we celebrate our freedom, we will stand with the men and women who defend us all.

In the summer of 1776, John Adams called the American Revolution "the most complete, unexpected, and remarkable of any in the history of nations." And 229 years later, history has proved him right. The Fourth of July is a day to be proud of our heritage as freedom's home and defender. It is a day to be confident in the future, because the spirit of our founders still shapes the conscience of our country. Above all, it is a day to give thanks to God for His many blessings on America, and for the privilege to call ourselves citizens of this special land.

I hope all Americans enjoy a memorable and safe Independence Day celebration. Thank you for listening.

浪漫的法国 国庆节的来历
faguo guoqingjie

7月14日是法国国庆日。1789年的这一天，巴黎人民攻占了象征封建统治的巴士底狱，推翻了君主政权。1880年，7月14日被正式确立为法国的国庆日，法国人每年都要隆重纪念这个象征自由和革命的日子。这一天的夜晚成为欢乐的海洋，法国的标志埃菲尔铁塔为火树银花所映衬。

人们通常认为，法国国庆日的正式确定是1789年，其实不然。虽然为纪念巴黎人民攻克巴士底狱这一光辉的日子，曾一度将1789年的7月14日作为国庆日。但1814年封建王朝复辟后，宣布7月14日为“国耻日”和“杀人犯的节日”。1870年，共和国恢复，1879年，共和党人成立了政府，议会由凡尔赛迁到了巴黎。翌年6月，法国议会正式通过法令，将1880年7月14日定为法国的国庆节，直至今日。

国庆节是法国最隆重的民众节日。7月14日这天，全国放假一天。节日前夕，家家户户都挂起彩旗，所有建筑物和公共场所都饰以彩灯和花环，街头路口架起一座座饰有红、白、蓝一色布帷的露天舞台，管弦乐队在台上演奏着民间流行乐曲。13、14日晚上，狂欢的人群纷纷拥向街头，脖子上围着红、白、蓝三色彩带，随着音乐跳起欢快的卡马尼奥舞及其它民间舞蹈。
　　
为庆祝国庆节，每年都要在香榭丽舍大街上举行大规模的阅兵仪式。7月14日上午，大街戒严。空军机群飞抵凯旋门上空，阅兵开始。编成队列的飞机掠过香榭丽舍大街，机尾喷出红、白、蓝三色烟幕，宛如一面巨大的法国国旗在空中舒展开来。当飞机通过协和广场的总统阅兵台上空后，陆海军分列式开始向总统敬礼。入夜，凯旋门上空，明亮的红、白、蓝三色探照灯光柱交叉摇曳，映照着门洞的巨大国旗；地面上节日的灯火与天空中缤纷的焰火交相辉映；爆竹声与狂欢的乐曲声、欢呼声响成一片，使节日庆祝达到最高潮。
　　
法国每年为国庆节的庆祝活动要用去50吨火药，10亿支爆竹。从费用来看，半个小时的焰火要花费2000万法郎，由此见知，整个庆祝活动所耗费用相当可观。
　　
在农村，国庆节的庆祝活动也很有特色。首先是穿袋赛跑，参加这种比赛的主要是孩子们，参赛者每人套在一只装土豆的大袋子里，从脚一直套到胸，比赛开始后，参赛者只能一蹦一跳地前进，跌倒了，爬起来；爬起来，又跌倒。比赛始终包围在欢笑与助威呐喊声中，充满了节日的喜悦。
　　
接下来是青蛙比赛：参赛者名推一辆两头翘起的小独轮车，车上放一只青蛙。每当车轮转不到两圈，动了气的青蛙便会不服地从车上跳到地下，推车人只得将车停下，张开双手去捕捉青蛙。而此时的这些绿色的小东西像是有意挑战似的与“主人”上下左右周旋，“主人们”使出周身的解数也奈何它们不得，这时，精疲力竭、踉踉跄啮的“主人”只得亮出最后的招数，将整个身体仆向青蛙。毕竟体积相差过于悬殊，可怜的小东西在“主人”那庞大身躯的挤压下满身尘埃，窒息待毙，再次被无情地抛到车上。参赛人抄起独轮车，加足马力，以最快的速度冲出三大步，即算到了终点。比赛的胜负输赢首先要看青蛙到达终点时是否还有口气……
　　
与城市里检阅陆、海、空三军仪仗队不同。在农村，接受“检阅”的消防队员。他们身着制服，吹着号，打着鼓列通过欢呼的人群。而后，他们还要在教堂前的空场上举行灭火演习。这之后，人们在广场中央竖起一根“夺彩竿”，高大的竿子上挂有火腿、香肠以及烟酒等奖品，谁能爬至竿顶，奖品便归谁所有。入夜后，也同城市里一样，焰火辉映着彩旗和灯笼，爆竹声、欢呼声此起彼伏，震耳欲聋，人们欢快地唱呀，跳呀，直至深夜。